Law for IP Framework and Legal Requirements -myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theLaw for IP Framework and Legal Requirements. Answer: Presentation: Licensed innovation is characterized as formation of man and for this creation government perceived elite rights. Three systems are expressed in Singapore through which scholarly properties are enlisted and that are a patent, a copyright or a trademark. This exposition expresses the structure identified with licensed innovation directly in Singapore, and examine sorts of intrigue ensured by the IP system, lawful prerequisites identified with IP rights, and conduct or activity of individual which are considered as encroachment of that right. Every one of these issues are talked about in setting of contextual analysis, and in conclusion closed with brief end. Conversation: In the current case, John is filling in as autonomous film maker, and he chose to make a film based on this TV arrangement and named it as Battlestar Galactica: Attack of the Cylons. This film incorporates characters, settings, music, spaceships, and so forth which is like the first TV arrangement, however the narrative of this film is composed by the companion of unique author of that TV arrangement. This film additionally incorporates comparable enhancements, and the procedures identified with these impacts have been licensed by an organization Light Magic Inc. Following are a few issues which must be considered by John: Proper types of IP: Copyright: For the most part, copyright is the structure which ensures the articulation, expertise, judgment of the individual. It must be noticed that copyright is considered as negative right which forestalls duplicating. Case law Chua Puay Kiang v Singapore Telecommunications Limited [1999] 1 SLR(R) states that on the off chance that two people autonomously make indistinguishable work, at that point there is no encroachment of copyright. Assurance under copyrights is given to work of abstract nature, for example, composition of any book, business related to music, imaginative work which incorporates painting, cinematograph movies, for example, film, and so on. Along these lines, characters, settings, music, spaceships, and so on of the Battlestar Galactica falls under the insurance of copyright. Following are some lawful necessities identified with copyright: Segment 83 and 87 of the Act expresses that, it is important to show that work or topic is associated with Singapore or Berne Union/WTO nation. It is fundamental that work or topic must be decreased to a material structure. This can be comprehended through Section 16 and 7. Segment 27 of the Act expresses that work must be of unique nature. Meaning of the term unique isn't expressed in the copyright Act, yet there are some significant ideas expressed in the event that law Asia Pacific Publishing Pte Ltd v Pioneers Leaders (Publishers) Pte Ltd [2011] SGCA 37 identified with formation of the work: Inventiveness of work or topic isn't considered with regards to oddity, yet it is considered through innovation of thought and considerations. At the point when adequate work, expertise, and capital was extended by Author to make some item which is unique in relation to its crude material (Copyright Act, n.d.). It must be noticed that in the event that above expressed prerequisites are gathered, at that point copyright naturally emerges, and there is no necessity of enrollment. Responsibility for: The general principle identified with the copyright is that individual who makes the first work is considered as proprietor of the copyright. Consequently, for this situation proprietor of the work is the first maker of the Battlestar Galactica TV arrangement. Patent: In Singapore, creative plans and handled are ensured through Patent Act, and the rules controlled by government to decide patent is that procedure must be new, imaginative and valuable for the business. Subsequently, embellishments and its procedures were ensured under patent Act. Following are some legitimate prerequisites of patent: Innovation It is essential that there must be a development, New Invention-such innovation must be new, which implies development must not be identified with any current information in explicit specialized field. Imaginative advance it is fundamental that innovation incorporates some creative advance. On the off chance that Ng Kok Cheng v Chua Say Tiong [2001] 2 SLR(R) 326, Court expressed that development must not be of evident nature for unoriginal individual. Mechanical application-development of the individual must be able for modern application, which implies innovation must be made or utilized in any sort of industry. In the event that it is discovered that item or procedure encroach the current patent, and afterward court has capacity to give order and harms. In this manner, in the event that John utilize enhancements and procedure for film then it very well may be considered as encroachment (Lee, 2014). Measures taken by John: In the current case, john needs to replicate the work and for this reason John can think about after measures: Copyright: Copyright Act license a few demonstrations which don't considered as encroachment of copyright act and it likewise give consent identified with generation of copyrighted work. It must be noticed that in the event that any individual imitate the work without the authorization of the proprietor, at that point it very well may be considered as essential encroachment. This can be comprehended through case law Asia Pacific Publishing Pte Ltd v Pioneer Leaders (Publishers). Proprietor of the copyright has capacity to document guarantee for essential encroachment, and ramifications for essential encroachment are: Fine-up to $20,000. Detainment as long as a half year. Copyright is considered as property right and it tends to be moved through authorized, relegated, and some other way. Along these lines, John can way to deal with the first maker of TV arrangement for moving the permit of copyright to john to repeat the work (Copyright Act, n.d.). Licenses: Segment 66 of the patent Act expresses that, in the event that patent is effectively enrolled, at that point proprietor of the patent has option to document guarantee of encroachment against the third individual who encroach the patent. Results of encroachment are (Patent Act, n.d.): Directive Harms This can be comprehended through case law Genelabs Diagnostics Pte Ltd v Institut Pasteur anor. Patent is considered as close to home property and proprietor can move, authorized, and relegated the patent. Along these lines, john can move toward the organization for move the embellishments and its procedure. Suitable legitimate structures: There are two legitimate structures through which John can offer rights to the financial specialists: Permit: Permit is considered as authorization or assent which is allowed by a proprietor of IP to complete the rights which is solely appreciated by the proprietor. For the most part, to move the permit, both licensor and licensee can go into understanding, and this understanding set out the terms based on which permit is moved. It isn't important to give the permit for all the rights identified with the significant IP right. This can be comprehended through model; it is conceivable to constrain the privileges of transferee in number of ways by receiving the mix of any component expressed roar: Extension this element thought about the elite privileges of the IP proprietor. Domain this component considered the nations where IP right will be allowed. Term this component considered the timeframe for which IP right will conceded It must be noticed that there are two kinds of permit that are elite or non-restrictive. Selective licenses are those licenses which avoid the proprietors rights additionally to appreciate the privilege identified with those exercises which have been authorized (SAL, 2017). Move of proprietorship: Under this sort of structure responsibility for IP right is moved to the new proprietor in return of specific sum. In the current case, John can offer rights to the speculators in film by authorizing in light of the fact that in this structure it is conceivable to move restricted rights. End: This article expresses the different arrangements identified with Intellectual property rights. In this terms in setting of copyright and patent are expressed, and different highlights of these terms, for example, lawful necessities, encroachment, outcomes, lawful structures, and so forth. References: Asia Pacific Publishing Pte Ltd v Pioneer Leaders (Publishers) [2011] 4 SLR 381. Chua Puay Kiang v Singapore Telecommunications Limited [1999] 1 SLR(R). Copyright Act, Cap 63-Section 16. Copyright Act, Cap 63-Section 27. Copyright Act, Cap 63-Section 7. Copyright Act, Cap 63-Section 83. Copyright Act, Cap 63-Section 87. Genelabs Diagnostics Pte Ltd v Institut Pasteur anor. [2000] 3 SLR(R) 530. Lee, J. (2014). The Development of Singapores Intellectual Property Rights Regime. Accessible at:https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/transfers/2014/11/LKWMS_Series01_SG_IP.pdf. Gotten to on 21st August 2017. Ng Kok Cheng v Chua Say Tiong [2001] 2 SLR(R) 326. Licenses Act, Cap 221-Section 66. SAL, (2017). Protected innovation Law. Accessible at: https://www.singaporelaw.sg/sglaw/laws-of-singapore/business law/section 12. Gotten to on 21st August 2017.

A comparison of the Ideas of William James and the Teachings of Christ Essay

William James had a sharp knowledge about various scholarly and mental dealings. He was a prepared clinical specialist yet he exceeded expectations in the field of reasoning and expounded immensely on his considerations and thoughts. Sober mindedness, Meaning of Truth as a Sequel to Pragmatism, Pluralistic Universe, and Varieties of Religious Experiences are considered as the major philosophical premises proposed by William James. The thoughts of Pragmatism request conscientious thoughtfulness regarding comprehend. According to William James, the significance of a thought or a suggestion or an idea lies in its detectable functional results. Thus the thought under recommendation must display this nature of direct functional outcomes. He accepts that an idea or a thought should consistently be founded on the verity of confidence. He composes: â€Å"A truth [may] not come at all except if a primer confidence exists in its coming†¦ Faith in a reality can help make the reality. † (James, â€Å"The Will to Believe†, 1897) Therefore trust and thought are once in a while between dependent and may frequently stop to exist without one another. He opines that reality or misrepresentation of a judgment relies upon the acquisition of the desires that follow the judgment under inquiry. For a judgment to agree to this, one should be down to business [= as an issue of-fact] in his methodology towards the occasions which will be judged. We can likewise observe a difference between his musings when he continually sways among science and religion. The general trustworthiness that strict encounters include an extraordinary space, all in all, is by one way or another remote to science. Be that as it may, to the individual person these remote things are open as their main thrust is confidence and not exact assessment. James attempts to overcome this issue among science and religion. The contrast between the logical standards and strict convictions are woven to show up at a multipart thinking system which we can call as the â€Å"Science of Religion†. He expounded on this as follows: Religious experience, at the end of the day, immediately and unavoidably induces legends, odd notions, authoritative opinions, beliefs, and supernatural philosophies, and reactions of one lot of these by the disciples of another. Generally, unprejudiced arrangements and correlations have gotten conceivable, close by of the criticisms and utter detestations by which the trade between beliefs utilized only to be continued. We have the beginnings of a â€Å"Science of Religions,† supposed; and if these talks would ever be accounted a scrap like commitment to such a science, I ought to be fulfilled very. (James, The Varieties of Religious Experiences, Lecture XVIII) These considerations point towards that everlasting inquiry of can there be a God who made this universe? A logical thinker, for example, James Williams, would state â€Å"Yes, there to be sure should be an exact God who made this universe gave the outcomes are demonstrated or the relations established†. That, basically, is another condition of perplexity where the vision of distinguishing the ‘Cause’ and ‘Effect’ may stop to exist. Presently let us look at what unadulterated religion and strict contemplations or ways of thinking (sans James Williams! ) state about such perplexities of life. The Bible and the proclaiming of Jesus Christ and different strict establishments completely decrease the option to address. They request total ‘surrender’ so as to get outright ‘delight’. The lessons of Jesus must be cited here: â€Å"Therefore each and every individual who hears these expressions of mine and tries them resembles a savvy man who manufactured his home on the stone. The downpour descended, the streams rose, and the breezes blew and beat against that house; yet it didn't fall, since it had its establishment on the stone. Be that as it may, each and every individual who hears these expressions of mine and doesn't incorporate them resembles a silly man who fabricated his home on sand. The downpour descended, the streams rose, and the breezes blew and beat against that house, and it fell with an incredible accident. † (Matthew 7:24-27) The lessons of Christ requests certain confidence in the otherworldly so as to accomplish outright enjoyment. This supreme joy or condition of opportunity is in complete difference to what we have seen so far in the progression of William James’ thoughts. Anyway there is one likeness: That both the schools of musings consent to the way that mankind is something which, neither should be observationally investigated nor even-mindedly acknowledged. The laws of both realism and religion curve and will in general join at one singular point and this purpose of union is constantly alluded to as ‘Kindness’. Verifiably, William James lived in the nineteenth Century. (January 11, 1842 †August 26, 1910) During this timeframe America was seeing the modern upheaval and began developing as the global force. It was additionally that period of the history when the nation was reeling under eventual outcomes of the Civil War and the worker strikes. The thoughts of William James were broadly acknowledged from both laymen and intelligent people the same. The very ideas of ‘Pragmatism’, â€Å"Will to Live’, ‘Pluralistic Universe’ and ‘A Study in Human Nature’ were viewed as the new expectations in the midst of tempestuous occasions. Despite the fact that the elements of the contemporary society have changed tremendously, I despite everything feel some of James’ thoughts would be cheerily acknowledged. Conservative uneven characters (Read: The Recession), and strict clashes (Read: Fundamentalists/Extremists) have rendered a feeling of skepticism. The musings of William James will doubtlessly be a relief whenever comprehended and executed tenaciously. The insightful appropriation is the key as James composes: â€Å"The craft of being shrewd is the specialty of realizing what to ignore. † (William James â€Å"The Principles of Psychology†, 1890) Let us trust better sense persuades the humankind and the musings of William James manage us through the testing times. References William James, â€Å"The Will to Believe†, 1897 William James, The Varieties of Religious Experiences, Lecture XVIII Bible, Matthew 7:24-27 William James â€Å"The Principles of Psychology†, 1890

Wake the Sleeper free essay sample

Wake the Sleeper The greater part of the nearby groups in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania territory are very gifted. To begin my unsigned band surveys, I figured why not a band that I know, and love! Wake the Sleeper is an incredibly astonishing band. From their vocals down to theyre drumming, everything about this band is wonderful. After an extensive stretch of quiet from this gathering, they have again ascended, with a couple of substitutions of individuals, and are back and better then ever previously! In the event that youve never knew about this band as of not long ago, realize that the best method to be acquainted with any band is to see them perform live, and this is no special case with Wake the Sleeper. In spite of the fact that the accounts on their MySpace are superb, nothing beats really observing them perform. In the event that you might want more data on Wake the Sleeper, at that point please visit www.myspace.com/wakethesleeperpa. This is their MySpace, and furthermore where youll discover any data you may need, and you will likewise have the option to them.

Sample of Nursing Research Thesis

Sample of Nursing Research Thesis Nursing Research Thesis Research Question: What are the main drivers to choose private vs. public nursing for people with average income of up to four minimum salaries in the state of Texas? The research is focused around this question with the main aim to get more accurate forecasting of administrative expenses for public nursing houses. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this document is to introduce the reader into the reasons, objective and value of the research on private and public nursing and present the findings and recommendations for practical application of the research in community. The objective of the research is to find out the trend and main drivers for middle class American persons to choose between private and public nursing services. This will make a significant contribution to the forecasting and cost-efficiency of public nursing houses due to better understanding of the community needs. Methodology: It was decided to limit the research scale by the following criteria: Nursing is required for elderly people. Nursing is paid by the family members, whose income does not exceed four minimum salaries. Nursery is provided for required health care to maintain an optimal level of life till death. The research is based on the attached questionnaire sent out to 175 families within the state of Texas, meeting all the above requirements. Detailed answers were received from 164 families and were analyzed in details and unified into groups, based on the reasons behind the choice, outlined by the respondents. Additional evaluation exercise was made to determine the influence of age, gender and race over the choice of nursing type. The Value of the Study The value of this study lies in better understanding of people’s needs and drivers behind the choice of nursing services. It will be of great importance to community nursing services as these data will provide them with detailed analysis and forecast tool for nursing services demands and administrative costs. The results of this research can be used for further tutoring purposes of nursing related studies.

Differences Between Baleen and Toothed Whales

Cetaceans are a group of aquatic mammals which include all the varieties of whales and dolphins. There are over 80 recognized species of cetaceans, including both freshwater and saltwater natives. These species are divided into two main groups: the baleen whales  and the toothed whales. While they are all considered whales, there are some important differences between the two types.   Baleen Whales Baleen is a substance made of keratin (the protein that makes up human fingernails). Baleen  whales have as many as 600 plates of baleen in their upper jaws.   Whales strain seawater through the baleen, and hairs on the baleen capture fish, shrimp, and plankton. The salt water then flows back out of the whales mouth. The largest baleen whales strain and eat as much as a ton of fish and plankton each day. There are 12 species of baleen whales which live all over the world. Baleen whales were (and still sometimes are) hunted for their oil and ambergris; in addition, many are injured by boats, nets, pollution, and climate change. As a result, some species of baleen whales are endangered or near extinction. Baleen whales: Are generally larger than toothed whales. The largest animal in the world, the blue whale, is a baleen whale.Feed on smaller fish and plankton with a filtering system made up of hundreds of baleen plates.Tend to be solitary, although they occasionally gather in groups to feed or to travel.Have two blowholes on top of their head, one right next to the other (toothed whales have only one).Female baleen whales are larger than males of the same species. Examples of baleen whales include the blue whale, right whale, fin whale, and humpback whale. Toothed Whales It may come as a surprise to learn that the toothed whales include all species of  dolphins  and porpoises. In fact, 32 species of dolphins and 6 species of porpoises are toothed whales. Orcas, sometimes called killer  whales, are actually the worlds largest dolphins. While whales are larger than dolphins, dolphins are large (and more talkative) than porpoises.   Some toothed whales are freshwater animals; these include six species of river dolphins. River dolphins are freshwater mammals with long snouts and small eyes, which live in rivers in Asia and South America. Like baleen whales, many species of toothed whales are endangered. Toothed whales: Are generally smaller than baleen whales, although there are some exceptions (e.g., the sperm whale and Bairds beaked whale).  Are active predators and have teeth that they use to catch their prey and swallow it whole. The prey varies depending on species but can include fish, seals, sea lions or even other whales.Have a much stronger social structure than baleen whales, often gathering in pods with a stable social structure.Have one blowhole on top of their head.Unlike baleen whales, males of toothed whales species are usually larger than females. Examples of toothed whales include the beluga whale, bottlenose dolphin, and common dolphin.

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 1542 Words

Hamlet was the character who was the protagonist. He was the son of Queen Gertrude and, at the start of the play, he was around thirty years old. King Claudius was his uncle. He was referred to as the Prince of Denmark (Faulkner 69). Hamlet was very fascinating and was a complex character that people have discussed for years (Williamson 03). Hamlet was an enigma and intriguing which made him a very captivating character. Because of this, many readers found it difficult to describe him (Price 54). He even suggested to his mother, Guildenstern, Rosencrantz, and children of friends that he was more complex than they knew (Williamson 11). Hamlet was very philosophical in nature, which was backed by his contemplative manner after the death of his father (Madariaga 72). His father s death shocked and devastated him which impeded his studies at the university. Hamlet had many questions about this, which were answered after the visit by The Ghost, his father s spirit. He learned from this visit that his uncle, Claudius, was the murderer. The Ghost encouraged him to seek revenge which he felt he must do for the love he felt for his father (Williamson 56). However, he was still unsure with the evidence he had and felt he needed to be certain before he acted. Hamlet was very much inquisitive. He portrayed this when he contemplated the idea of life after death. He thought about suicide and what happened after death. He wanted to know what happened to dead bodies. SuicideShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet, the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet poses a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakesp eare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate himself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet of Denmark who is trying to find out about the death of his father after his father s ‘ghost’ comes to him telling him it was his uncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous

Pathophysiology of Pneumothorax

Question: Discuss about thePathophysiology of Pneumothorax. Answer: Introduction: Pneumothorax can be defined as the accumulation of air bubbles in between the pleural cavity that disconnects the lungs from the chest wall. General pneumothorax is not fatal and be treated easily unless it approaches tension pneumothorax (Tschopp et al., 2015). Tension pneumothorax is a critical manifestation when the air bubble increases in size forming a one way valve damaging the surrounding tissue exponentially (Porpodis et al., 2014). This report attempts to assess the case of Mr. Leigh Richards, who had a terrifying car crash that resulted into clinical complexities such as a traumatic pneumothoax rapidly escalating towards the tension stage. In this report the pathophysiology of his case will be explained with detailed description of his condition and treatment. Description: The patient in this case study has suffered form an unfortunate accident, while being restrained to a rally car. He was driving a dirt road on high speed when the tree hit a tree and he was trapped inside the car by an intrusion that pinned his leg (Porpodis et al., 2014). The patient soon approached trauma and was unconscious, and the car needed to be cut in order to free his pinned leg, and provide inline extrication. The patient was addressed by SAAS ambulance officers, a CFS crew and MedStar trauma team. Symptoms: In the initial stages the symptoms diagnosed by X-ray and computed tomography, of the patient included, Pleuritic Pain Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural cavity, it usually cause sharp pleurotic pain. The pain is due to the pressure exerted by the air on the lungs and collapsing the lungs (Porpodis et al., 2014). Elevated Respiratory Rate The presence of an air bubble in the pleural cavity interferes with the normal flow of oxygen within the lung, in order to supply enough oxygen, the body compensates by increasing the respiratory rate (Tschopp et al., 2015). Hyper Resonant Lung Sounds In case of a traumatic pneumothorax rapidly approaching tension phase, the jugular venous distention can create hyper resonant lung sounds (Porpodis et al., 2014). Neck Vein Distension due to the rapidly distorting lung functions, the neck vein can appear distorted by the pressure. Deviation in the Trachea in the Injured Site Deviated trachea can also be a part of the symptoms, due the distortion of the wound and the pressure generated in the lungs can deviate the trachea around the injury site (Porpodis et al., 2014). Asymmetric Chest. The inflammation caused by pneumothorax can lead to asymmetry in the chest. Intervention: After the initial observations the patient was recommended immediate UWSD insertion to stabilize his medical condition. The pleural space cavity is a particular that is present as an outer covering to the lungs. The two types of pleura membranes are known as Visceral and the Parietal (Alrajhi, Woo Vaillancourt, 2012). The pleura membrane folds back for forming a two-layered membrane structure. The space in between the two different types of pleural membranes is known as Pleural cavity. It contains the pleural fluid that helps the allowance of the pleurae for sliding effortlessly during ventilation. The insertion of the chest tube can cause difficulty in breathing as well (Alrajab et al., 2013). For the draining of both the fluid and the air,. the number of chest tube increases in number. But in the case of transplantation of lungs, one may require 4 chest tubes for the drainage purpose. The chest tube normally remains as long as it required for draining the fluids from the chest of the patient and it remains attached for monitoring the regular X-rays of the chest for the resolution of the problem (Russo et al. 2015). The patient was suffering from pneumothorax, and for liberating out the gas present inside the pleural membrane of the lungs. He was being given the chest tube so that he does not develop the chronic pneumothorax (Ianniello et al., 2014) Description of UWSD: An underwater seal drain also known as UWSD is a type of drainage canister device that is mainly used for the collection of the drainage material from the thoracic cavity, such as pus, excess water or air. This type of drainage canister consists mainly of three broad chambers that act as a three bottled chamber (Edaigbini et al., 2014). The first chamber mainly collects the fluid only from the chest. The second chamber acts as a valve and does not allows the water to flow to the backward direction back to the chest. It only allows the discharge of the gas to the backward direction that also prevents the entry of it. The third chamber is known as the suction control chamber. The height of the water present here regulates the pressure that is negative in nature that is applied to the system (Benns et al. 2015). Usefulness: The chest tube is a long, hollow, flexible tube that is inserted through the wall of the chest, in between the ribs and the space just inside the pleural or mediastium of the lungs is known as Intercoastal Catheter. It is generally used for removing the fluid or the excess air or the pus from the part of intrathoracic space. It is also known as Intercoastal Catheter (Allen Ganti, 2016). The bubbling through the water column minimizes the rate of the evaporation of the fluid which indicates the suction is in the regulation for the height of the given water column. The newer canisters of the drainage help in the elimination of the waste using a mechanical check valve, in which a mechanical regulator is attached to it for the regulation of the suction pressure (Woodrow, 2013). Systems that follow both the employs are known to be the Dry system, whereas the system that helps in retaining the water is known to be the Wet-dry systems. Effect of UWSD on the Patient: Under water seal drain operation was vital for the patient to successfully avoid tension pneumothorax, and after effective insertion of chest tube the vitals of the patent revived gradually and the manifestation of the disease reduced drastically (Kuhajda et al., 2014). The post operative observation of the patient include after first UWSD insertion, Immediately after UWSD, the Pulse of teh patient increased to 122 beats/ min breathing rate returned to normalcy by elevating the pressure of the air bubble Blood pressure significantly dropped And oxygen saturation returned to 92% as the patient approached relaxed breathing With these observations, it is clear that the vitals of the patient improved after the UWSD, however it was not enough. The cyanosis and shallow breathing can attest to the need of another UWSD insertion in order to completely eradicate the pneumothorax (Ho, 2015). After the insertion of another UWSD, the observations of the patient are, Pulse increased to 90 beats/min Respiratory rate 20breaths/min Blood pressure increased to 114/68mmHg Cardiac sinus rhythm returned to 90beats/min Studies suggest the successful insertion of UWSD followed by adequate pressure suction can help in reviving the normal functionality in the patient that had been previously hindered due to limited oxygen in the body, in case of the patient, pedal pulse returned in the left leg indicating normal cardiac functions Strength returned to right leg along with presence of pedal pulse. Radial pulse returned to left arm indicating cardiac stability once again Radial pulse returned to right arm as well indicating gradual progress of the patient towards recovery (Tschopp et al., 2015) Medication Involved: The treatment of choice in case of a pneumothorax is the insertion of chet tube via under water seal drain, which is explained in detail above. However the degree of such operative measures are determined by the severity of teh symptoms. In this case the patient was exhibiting symptoms taht were raidly leading to a much complicated and dangerous satge of tension pnemothorax, which can be fatal. In such cases, the UWSD operation must be carried out as soon as possible (Tschopp et al., 2015). Tension pneumothorax is a precursor to cardiac arrest and immediate insertion of a chest tube diminishes the risk of cardiac arrest to a large extent. However, small pneumothorax do not require the intervention of a surgery, in such cases, conservatives and aspiration is the first priority (Tschopp et al., 2015). Analgesia however is the absolute necessity for both cases, to relieve the patient from severe pain. As a popular medication for analgesia, fentanyl citrate is the first choice of IV administration. Fentanyl, used as operative premedication, is used in 50-100 mcg/dose or 25/100 mcg/dose in usual. As a general anaesthesia it is used in a much lower dosage. This medication is absorbed through slow diffusion and is absorbed readily; the metabolism of fentanyl is hepatic, through production of a major metabolite. The analgesic properties of the fetanyl drug is almost twice the power of morphine, however, there are some side effects associated with the medication such as Coughing, chest pain, fever, fatigue, headache and painful urination (Hartrick et al., 2016). Conclusion: From the observation of the patient is can be clearly seen that the insertion of chest tube improved the condition of the patient drastically. Immediately after the insertion his pulse improved and his rapid breathing rates also deceased drastically. However with the extreme trauma that the patient underwent in the crash, the condition of the patient was already delicate and the delay in the treatment worsened the conditions further. Hence, it a single insertion event was not sufficient for the patient in order to recover normal functionality in the lungs and eradicate the air bubble from the pleural cavity (Woodrow, 2013). All these factors propagated the need for a second insertion and that could address the symptoms of the patient and prevented his onset to tension pneumothorax that could have been fatal for him. Reference List: Allen, B. R., Ganti, L. (2016). Chest Tube Thoracostomy. In Atlas of Emergency Medicine Procedures (pp. 149-153). Springer New York. Alrajab, S., Youssef, A. M., Akkus, N. I., Caldito, G. (2013). Pleural ultrasonography versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax: review of the literature and meta-analysis.Critical care,17(5), R208. Alrajhi, K., Woo, M. Y., Vaillancourt, C. (2012). Test characteristics of ultrasonography for the detection of pneumothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.CHEST Journal,141(3), 703-708. Benns, M. V., Egger, M. E., Harbrecht, B. G., Franklin, G. A., Smith, J. W., Miller, K. R., ... Richardson, J. D. (2015). Does chest tube location matter? An analysis of chest tube position and the need for secondary interventions. journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 78(2), 386-390. Edaigbini, S. A., Delia, I. Z., Aminu, M. B., Orogade, A. A., Anumenechi, N., Ibrahim, A. D. (2014). Indications and complications of tube thoracostomy with improvised underwater seal bottles.Nigerian Journal of Surgery,20(2), 79-82. Hartrick, C. T., Knapke, D. M., Ding, L., Danesi, H., Jones, J. B. (2016). Fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system versus morphine intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain management following orthopedic surgery: A pooled analysis of randomized, controlled trials.Journal of opioid management,12(1), 37-45. Ho, S. C. (2015). Root Cause of Analysis of Peculiar Response of Pneumothorax to Chest Tube Drainage.Universal Journal of Medical Science,3(4), 87-90. Ianniello, S., Di Giacomo, V., Sessa, B., Miele, V. (2014). First-line sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax in major trauma: accuracy of e-FAST and comparison with multidetector computed tomography. La radiologia medica, 119(9), 674-680. Kuhajda, I., Zarogoulidis, K., Kougioumtzi, I., Huang, H., Li, Q., Dryllis, G., ... Papaiwannou, A. (2014). Tube thoracostomy; chest tube implantation and follow up.Journal of thoracic disease,6(4), S470-S479. Porpodis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Spyratos, D., Domvri, K., Kioumis, I., Angelis, N., ... Tsakiridis, K. (2014). Pneumothorax and asthma.Journal of thoracic disease,6(1), S152-S161. Russo, R. M., Zakaluzny, S. A., Neff, L. P., Grayson, J. K., Hight, R. A., Galante, J. M., Shatz, D. V. (2015). A pilot study of chest tube versus pigtail catheter drainage of acute hemothorax in swine. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 79(6), 1038-1043. Tschopp, J. M., Bintcliffe, O., Astoul, P., Canalis, E., Driesen, P., Janssen, J., ... Waller, D. A. (2015). ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.European respiratory journal,46(2), 321-335. Woodrow, P. (2013). Intrapleural chest drainage.Nursing Standard,27(40), 49-56.

Essay Writing Samples - What Are They?

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One of the Most Ignored Answers for Fun Persuasive Essay Topics for Kids

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Expository Essay Samples

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Know What an Old Pro is Saying About Term Paper Adalah

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